Unice Mainnet
Introduction - UNICE MAINNET with L2 Optimistic Rollups
In the vast realm of blockchain technology, scalability stands as a notable challenge. Ethereum, the pioneering smart contracts platform, has experienced remarkable growth, hosting thousands of decentralised applications (dApps), smart contracts, and a substantial daily transaction volume. However, this surge in activity has brought about scalability issues, with limitations on block sizes and times hindering Ethereum's ability to scale efficiently. The consequence? Familiar problems for Ethereum users, including high gas fees and slow transactions.
To address these challenges, a Layer 2 solution becomes essential, providing a more efficient and scalable platform for decentralised applications and transactions. Its primary aim is to improve scalability while reducing costs, thus accelerating the growth and evolution of the Web 3.0 landscape.
In response to the scalability limitations inherent in Ethereum, UNICE strategically embraces the L2 Mainnet. The Mainnet is designed with layer-two scaling solutions, leveraging optimistic rollups. This approach will facilitate off-chain transactions while maintaining the security and transparency of the Unice blockchain. It will use smart contracts to bundle transactions, reducing on-chain transactions for faster and more cost-effective processing. The transactions will be verified by a set of validators, who ensure that the off-chain transactions are valid before they are added to the Unice blockchain. This will provide users with an optimised blockchain experience, addressing the pain points of high gas fees and slow transaction speeds.
By integrating the L2 solution, UNICE aims to usher in a new era of seamless and cost-effective blockchain interactions, fostering an ecosystem conducive to innovation and scalability.
Features of UNICE MAINNET with L2 Optimistic Rollups:
The UNICE MAINNET adopts a L2 optimistic rollups structure to enhance scalability. This
approach builds an additional layer on top of the UNICE blockchain, ensuring faster and more efficient transaction processing. The key features include:
● Decentralised P2P Network: Includes all major entities, such as the sequencer and verifier. This network provides a more resilient and distributed system than its centralised counterparts.
● Hybrid Rollup Release: This technology promises to drastically reduce the withdrawal period, allowing users to access their assets in minutes instead of days.
● EVM-Equivalence: System is now fully EVM-equivalent, ensuring compatibility with Ethereum-based applications and tools. This means developers familiar with Ethereum's environment can seamlessly deploy and manage their applications on UNICE.
● Optimistic Rollup Cost Efficiency: The platform leverages the inherent efficiency of Optimistic Rollups. This approach significantly reduces the gas costs associated with on-chain transactions, making it a cost-effective choice for users. The lower gas fees contribute to a more economical and accessible blockchain ecosystem.
● Scalability Boost with Optimistic Rollups: Optimistic rollups significantly enhance Ethereum's scalability by employing data compression techniques, reducing transaction sizes from an average of 112 bytes on the Ethereum main chain to a mere 12 bytes on L2.
Also, by offloading computation and data storage off-chain, it significantly enhances the base layer throughput of UNICE MAINNET.
Mainnet Storage and Handling of Data:
In the UNICE Mainnet, a robust framework is established for the secure storage and handling of diverse data types, ensuring both confidentiality and user empowerment.
● Medical Data Encryption: Sensitive medical data undergoes encryption, utilising public and private keys on the mainnet. This cryptographic approach enhances the overall security of medical information, safeguarding it from unauthorised access.
● NFT Data: NFT data is stored directly on the mainnet, while emotional analysis results from the emotion analysis engine are saved on the server.
● User Rights: Users maintain complete control over their data, enabling encrypted sharing through public and private keys and wallets.
● User Rewards and UNICE Tokens: The system incentivizes user engagement by rewarding them based on data sharing and participation, with rewards distributed in UNICE tokens on the mainnet. This approach enhances user incentives and engagement within the Unice ecosystem.
NFT Utilisation on Our Mainnet:
The integration of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on the UNICE Mainnet introduces features, in the realm of emotional data ownership and utilisation. This dynamic NFT ecosystem is designed to enhance user experiences, validate data origins, and create valuable opportunities for users, companies, and research institutions. The NFT ecosystem on UNICE Mainnet includes two primary types:
Areum NFTs:
● Enhanced User Services: Areum NFTs play a pivotal role in enhancing various user services, influencing aspects such as daily rewards, participation in revenue-generating activities, and overall engagement within the ecosystem.
● Messenger Profile Level and Rank: Users can leverage Areum NFTs to influence their messenger profile level and rank, adding a gamified element to the platform and recognizing user contributions.
● Chat Window Appearance: The appearance of the chat window, a central component of user interaction, is also influenced by Areum NFTs, allowing users to personalise their communication experience.
Data NFTs:
● Validation of User-Generated Medical Data: Paired with Areum NFTs, Data NFTs serve a crucial role in validating the origin of user-generated medical data. This validation ensures the authenticity and reliability of medical information shared within the UNICE ecosystem.
● Ownership Establishment: Data NFTs establish ownership of user-generated medical data, providing a transparent and verifiable record of data origin. This feature contributes to building trust among users and potential data buyers.
● Access Rights Facilitation: Businesses or individuals interested in purchasing specific medical data can utilize Access NFTs. These NFTs are tied to Areum NFTs, and access rights sales are conducted using Areum tokens. This integrated approach streamlines the process of data transactions while maintaining a secure and traceable data exchange.
Data Upload on Mainnet:
The medical and treatment data in this project will be stored in Mainnet, offering enhanced security and decentralisation. For heightened sensitivity, the data will be in encrypted form with public and private keys before being stored on Mainnet. The Mainnet will also host NFT data, while emotional analysis results from the emotion analysis engine will be saved on the server. Users retain full control over their data, possessing the ability to share it securely with others using encryption through public and private keys along with their wallets. This approach ensures data privacy and user empowerment in the system.
Purpose of Mainnet:
The mainnet for UNICE, encompasses various features and services and is designed to serve as a foundation for various platform projects. Through this, we aim to continually expand our ecosystem, fostering beneficial collaborations for mutual growth.
1. Scalability Empowerment with Optimistic Rollups:
- Objective: Overcoming Ethereum's scalability limitations, UNICE Mainnet integrates Optimistic Rollups to enhance transaction processing speed and efficiency.
- Purpose: By leveraging the scalability benefits of Optimistic Rollups, UNICE Mainnet ensures faster and more cost-effective transactions, providing a scalable solution for blockchain interactions.
2. User-Centric Innovation through Features:
- Objective: Prioritising user experience, UNICE Mainnet incorporates eatures like off-chain transactions and smart contracts to streamline interactions and reduce transaction costs.
- Purpose: With UNICE, the implementation aims to enhance user accessibility, making blockchain technology more user-friendly and encouraging widespread adoption.
3. Data Security and Integrity with Validators:
- Objective: Ensuring the highest standards of security, UNICE Mainnet integrates validators to verify transactions and employs the optimism mechanism for swift dispute resolution.
- Purpose: By fortifying the system with security features, UNICE Mainnet establishes a secure environment for the storage and processing of valuable data.
4. Technological Advancements with Hybrid Rollups:
- Objective: Leveraging cutting-edge technologies, UNICE Mainnet pioneers the use of
Hybrid Rollups, combining the benefits of ZKRs and optimistic rollups.
- Purpose: The implementation positions UNICE Mainnet as an innovative leader, contributing to the evolution of blockchain technology with enhanced security and transaction confirmations.
5. User Empowerment through Incentives and NFTs:
- Objective: UNICE Mainnet, introduces token rewards and ownership rights through NFTs, incentivizing user engagement and data contributions.
- Purpose: By leveraging incentives and NFTs, the implementation fosters a collaborative ecosystem where users actively contribute to the growth and success of UNICE Mainnet.
UNICE L2 Mainnet is purposefully designed to improve scalability, user experience, security, and technological advancements to create a platform that is both robust and user-centric.
TECHNOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
In the realm of UNICE Mainnet, the integration brings forth advanced rollup technologies, pivotal for scalability and efficiency. The architecture and design of rollups play a crucial role in achieving the objectives of the Mainnet. Here are the key aspects of rollup technologies within the UNICE Mainnet with Integration:
Rollup Technologies
UNICE employs rollup technologies to provide effective and competitive scalability services, utilising alternate blockchains that post their data to the Ethereum mainnet. The primary innovation of rollups is that they move computation off-chain while storing only the bare minimum of transaction data on-chain with negligible added trust assumptions, thus leveraging the consensus and data availability of that particular primary blockchain.
Figure 18 : Optimistic Roll Ups Working
Rollups execute transactions off-chain and bundle them with other transactions into a single block before delivering the block and proof to Ethereum. The executed state is then sent to the L1 and confirmed in a verification contract by full nodes.
Rollup full nodes are crucial to the rollup design, as they are the ones that download all rollup block headers and transaction data. They process and verify all transactions to calculate the state of the rollup and ensure the transactions are valid. If a full node encounters an invalid transaction within a rollup block, the node dismisses and ignores that block. This effectively curtails sequencers from creating valid blocks with invalid transactions, as these would be rejected by the nodes.
Optimistic Rollups
Optimistic Rollups (ORs) “optimistically '' assume all transactions are valid but allow for/use dispute resolutions, a withdrawal period, and crypto-economic incentives to maintain the data’s integrity. They are regarded as "optimistic" since they don't provide proof of validity for transaction batches submitted on-chain and assume that off-chain transactions are valid. This distinguishes optimistic rollups from zero-knowledge rollups that broadcast cryptographic proofs of validity for off-chain transactions. Optimistic roll ups instead look for instances of inaccurate calculation of transactions using a fraud-proving technique. Any user on Ethereum has a limited amount of time (known as a challenge period) to create a fraud-proof and contest the results of a rollup transaction. If the fraud-proof is successful, the roll-up protocol re-runs the transaction(s) and makes any necessary modifications to the rollup's state.
UNICE HYBRID ROLLUP DESIGN
UNICE Mainnet relies on the potential of UNICE Hybrid Rollup technologies. UNICE Hybrid rollups merge the characteristics of both ZKRs and optimistic rollups. This integration harnesses the security guarantees of ZKRs, which are comparable to Ethereum L1, with the added benefits of optimistic rollups, such as reduced data submission to the mainchain.
Entities in the UNICE Rollup
A smart contract rollup is sustained by three principal components: sequencers, proposers, and verifiers. All rollups embody a state, which is the account addresses and token balances of rollup users at a specific point in time.
1. Sequencer
At the heart of the rollup lies the sequencer. Often described as a semi-privileged entity, the sequencer fills a pivotal role akin to validators on L1 but with a unique twist. They are responsible for:
● Receiving and processing user transactions.
● Determining the most suitable order for these transactions in the Canonical Transaction Chain (CTC)
● Appending CTC's queue transactions within the stipulated "Force Inclusion Period".
Sequencers bundle these transactions into a block and post it onto the consensus and data availability layer. A block is bifurcated into two parts: a block header and the actual transaction data. The block header, apart from other data, contains a cryptographic commitment to the chain's state, commonly expressed as a Merkle root.
Figure 19 : Unice Sequencer Structure
Notably, most rollup implementations rely on a single sequencer, posing a centralization risk. UNICE addresses this by envisioning a decentralised sequencer pool, mitigating the potential risks associated with a single sequencer design. This proactive approach enhances security and decentralisation within the UNICE Rollup ecosystem.
2. Proposers
Proposers play a critical role in evaluating transactions from the Sequencer and subsequently recording the resultant state root in the State Commitment Chain (SCC). To ensure Proposers will not act maliciously, they are mandated to deposit a bond that can be forfeited if they attempt to propose an invalid state.
3. Verifiers
Verifiers, while sharing responsibilities with proposers, have the critical task of evaluating the rollup chain to ascertain the subsequent state root after every transaction. If any discrepancies or frauds are identified, the system penalises the erring Sequencer, transferring a portion of their bond as a reward to the verifier. This fraud-proof mechanism, open to multiple contributors, elevates the overall security of the transactional process
UNICE Sequencer Pool Design
A sequencer pool aims to fulfil the same duties as the single sequencer model, aggregate, order, and execute transactions, but must do so as a collective unit that reaches consensus on the state of each new block. To guarantee the integrity of the sequencer pool, new nodes in the UNICE model must fulfil specific prerequisites, such as being approved by an admin and staking a particular amount. Once these criteria are met, a sequencer is allocated to a specific block range for transaction submissions. Over two-thirds of the sequencers must reach consensus before a batch is endorsed and forwarded.
Sequencers use Multi-Party Computation (MPC) signatures to verify transaction batches before their transition to L1, ensuring the authenticity of the batch's contents. Each Sequencer or node in this pool is comprised of four aspects:
● L2 Geth (including the OP-Node): Tasked with transaction sequencing and block assembly on the UNICE layer.
● Adapter Module: Acts as an intermediary, facilitating interactions with other external modules on the consensus layer, primarily the POS Node.
● Batch Submitter (Proposer): Orchestrates the construction of transaction batches and ensures their submission to L1, but only after obtaining endorsements from multiple sequencers. Proposers rotate based on the PoS layer, reducing the threat of MEV.
● PoS Node - Responsible for coordinating between three separate layers (discussed below)
Figure 20 : Unice Decentralised Sequencer Pool Design
How does communication take place with Ethereum on UNICE?
The PoS node communicates at three layers: the Ethereum, Consensus, and UNICE layers.
Figure 21 : The PoS Node Communication Flow
The Ethereum Layer represents the foundation of the stack and its role is twofold: ensuring the secure locking of assets within the network and rewarding validators. These are both executed as smart contracts on the Ethereum mainnet.
Moving up the architectural hierarchy, is the Consensus (PoS) Layer. This layer consists of a set of Tendermint PoS nodes in parallel to the Ethereum mainnet. This parallel functionality guarantees operational efficiency without compromising the mainnet's processes. At the start consensus process, these nodes first look to other MPC addresses/keys. If none exist, they call the MPC module to trigger new key generation. This is because, when the sequencer(s) submit a L2 BatchTxs to L1, that signature must have incorporated over two-thirds of these nodes for the process to gain validation.
Lastly, there is the UNICE Layer, which handles Block Producer selection. Within its framework, every new epoch—a designated time frame or a series of blocks—a new Block Producer is selected based on the previous actions of at the Consensus layer.
Hybrid Rollup Workflow in UNICE:
At a high level, the Hybrid Rollup operates as follows when a user makes a transaction in the network:
The Sequencer produces the blocks.
The Proposer submits the transactions and states.
The prover reads from L1 to produce the blocks and MIPS programs.
The Prover submits the zero-knowledge proofs once proof generation is completed.
● If not submitted, the verifier initiates the fraud-proof process, and the sequencer potentially faces slashing.
Once the proof has been submitted, the smart contract is satisfied.
● If not satisfied, the verifier initiates the fraud-proof process, and the sequencer potentially faces slashing.
Transaction finalised.
Hybrid Rollup Mechanics
Layer 1 Components
● Messaging: At the heart of L1 lies the messaging component, ensuring secure communication between L1 and L2. The L1 Cross Domain Messenger serves as a pivotal point, sending messages bi-directionally between the layers. Additionally, it handles rejected messages and offers a “replay” functionality to resubmit any contracts that were previously dismissed.
● Rollup smart contract: The L1 manages the organization and sequencing of L2 transactions. Key elements within this structure include:
○ Canonical Transaction Chain (CTC): A log that prescribes the order in which transactions are applied to the L2 state.
○ State Commitment Chain (SCC): This contains a list of proposed state roots for every transaction emanating from the CTC.
○ Chain Storage Container (CSC): Optimizing gas usage, the CSC provides storage functionalities, ensuring efficient transactional processes.
● Verification: The L1 verification strengthens the system's trustworthiness. It uses a Bond Manager contract that supervises deposits in ERC20 tokens. It also includes mechanisms to reward verifiers and challenge any inconsistencies.
Layer 2 Components
● Messaging: The Layer 2 Cross Domain Messenger handles messages from L2 to L1, acting as a gateway for messages that originate from the L1 Cross Domain Messenger.
● Predeploys and Standard Bridges: The L2 encompasses contracts akin to Ethereum precompiles, prefixed with 0x42. The L2 Standard Bridge synergizes with the L1 counterpart to facilitate ETH and ERC20 transitions. It assumes a dual role, minting new tokens upon detecting deposits and burning tokens earmarked for withdrawal.
● Standard Token Factory: This is a specialized contract that generates standard L2 tokens corresponding to L1, facilitating interactions on the standard bridge.
Integration with UNICE Services
The UNICE L2 Mainnet is seamlessly integrated into UNICE's core services, enhancing and optimizing various aspects of the platform to provide users with a more efficient and secure experience.
1. Scalable Transaction Processing:
The Mainnet's integration introduces scalable transaction processing, addressing the limitations of Ethereum's L1. By adopting the L2 optimistic rollups structure, the platform significantly improves throughput, allowing for faster and more cost-effective transactions.
2. Off-Chain Transactions with Smart Contracts:
Smart contracts play a pivotal role in the integration, facilitating off-chain transactions. These contracts bundle transactions, reducing the need for on-chain processing and minimizing transaction costs. The integration ensures that the security and transparency of the UNICE blockchain are maintained while optimizing transaction efficiency.
3. Decentralised P2P Network:
The integration leverages the decentralised P2P network of the Mainnet, involving sequencers and verifiers. This network design ensures a resilient and distributed system, enhancing the overall security and reliability of UNICE's core services.
4. Hybrid Rollup Release:
The adoption of Hybrid Rollup technology introduces a hybrid release mechanism, drastically reducing the withdrawal period. Users can now access their assets in a matter of minutes instead of days, enhancing the liquidity and usability of UNICE services.
5. EVM-Equivalence for Seamless Compatibility:
UNICE' full EVM-equivalence ensures seamless compatibility with Ethereum-based applications and tools. UNICE services that were initially developed for the Ethereum environment can be effortlessly deployed and managed on the Mainnet. This compatibility minimizes disruptions, allowing for a smooth transition for both users and developers.
Overview of Security Protocols Ensuring User Data Protection and Trust
Security is a paramount concern in the integration of UNICE's services with the Mainnet. Several robust protocols are in place to ensure the protection of user data and establish trust within the ecosystem.
1. Medical Data Encryption:
Sensitive medical data stored on the mainnet is encrypted using public and private keys. This encryption ensures that users' confidential information remains secure, mitigating the risk of unauthorised access and data breaches.
2. Validators for Transaction Verification:
The integration incorporates validators to verify transactions, adding an additional layer of security. Validators play a crucial role in ensuring that off-chain transactions are valid before they are added to the UNICE blockchain, enhancing the overall integrity of the system.
3. Optimism Mechanism for Swift Dispute Resolution:
The optimism mechanism, inherent in the Hybrid Rollup design, ensures quick resolution of disputes in the event of any malicious activities. This mechanism contributes to the maintenance of security and transparency, even as transactions are processed off-chain.
4. User Rights and Control Over Data:
Users retain complete control over their data, facilitated by encryption through public and private keys and wallets. This approach empowers users to securely share their data while maintaining privacy and control.
5. Incentives for User Engagement:
The system incentivizes user engagement through token rewards and ownership rights facilitated by NFTs. This not only encourages active participation within the UNICE ecosystem but also contributes to a collaborative and secure environment.
6. NFT Utilization and Data Privacy:
NFTs on the mainnet serve various purposes, from enhancing user services to validating the origin of medical data. The design ensures that user data, including emotional analysis results, is stored securely, promoting data privacy and confidentiality.
7. UNICE Tokens and User Rewards:
UNICE tokens, distributed as rewards on the mainnet, incentivize users for data sharing and participation. This approach enhances user engagement while creating a sustainable and rewarding ecosystem.
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